Ethical Guideline

Commitment to Integrity and Ethical Standards

The Business & Economic Review is committed to upholding the highest ethical standards in all aspects of the publication process. These ethical guidelines provide a framework for authors, reviewers, editors, and all parties involved to ensure integrity, transparency, and fairness in the dissemination of scholarly research.

For Authors

Authorship:

  • Criteria: All authors listed on a manuscript must have made significant contributions to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the research.
  • Acknowledgment: Contributions from individuals who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged separately.

Originality and Plagiarism:

  • Manuscripts submitted to the journal must be original works that have not been published elsewhere or are under consideration by another journal.
  • Authors must properly cite and reference the work of others. The use of plagiarism detection software is recommended to ensure originality.

Data Integrity and Fabrication:

  • Authors must ensure that all data presented in the manuscript is accurate and has been obtained through ethical research practices.
  • Fabrication, falsification, or manipulation of data is strictly prohibited.

Conflicts of Interest:

  • Authors must disclose any financial or personal relationships that could influence the research results or interpretation.
  • A statement of conflict of interest must be included in the manuscript.

Ethical Approval:

  • For research involving human or animal subjects, authors must provide a statement confirming that the study was approved by the appropriate ethics committee or review board.
  • Authors must also confirm that informed consent was obtained from all human participants.

For Reviewers

Confidentiality:

  • Reviewers must treat manuscripts as confidential documents and must not share them with others without permission from the editor.
  • Information or ideas obtained through peer review must not be used for personal advantage.

Objectivity:

  • Reviews should be conducted objectively and without bias. Criticism should be constructive, specific, and supported by evidence.
  • Reviewers should avoid personal comments or derogatory remarks.

Acknowledgment of Sources:

  • Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors.
  • If reviewers identify substantial similarity between the manuscript under review and another published work, they should notify the editor.

Conflicts of Interest:

  • Reviewers must disclose any conflicts of interest that could affect their impartiality and recuse themselves from reviewing the manuscript if necessary.

For Editors

Publication Decisions:

  • Editors are responsible for making publication decisions based on the manuscript’s quality, significance, and adherence to the journal’s scope.
  • Decisions should be informed by the reviewers’ comments and the manuscript’s originality, clarity, and relevance.

Fair Play:

  • Editors should evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to the authors' race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy.

Confidentiality:

  • Editors and editorial staff must not disclose information about submitted manuscripts to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, and other editorial advisors.

Conflicts of Interest:

  • Editors must recuse themselves from handling manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest and ensure that any such manuscripts are assigned to another editor.

For the Journal

Corrections and Retractions:

  • The journal will publish corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies when needed.
  • Corrections will be issued for honest errors, while retractions will be issued for cases of scientific misconduct or breaches of ethical standards.

Access and Archiving:

  • The journal ensures the long-term preservation and accessibility of its content through partnerships with digital archiving services.

Handling Misconduct

  • The journal takes allegations of misconduct seriously and will investigate any potential breaches of ethical standards.

If misconduct is confirmed, the journal will take appropriate actions, including retraction of the published work and notification to relevant parties.